bilim çeviri
Zehra Betül Akbal
1.371 Yorum
, , ,

Ebu’l-Abbas Ahmed ibn Muhammed ibn Kesir el-Fergani (? – 861)

Ebu’l-Abbas Ahmed ibn Muhammed ibn Kesir el-Fergani, Fergana, Maveraunnehirde doğmuş, El-Me’mûn ve onun haleflerine hizmette bulunmuş en seçkin astronomlardan biriydi. (Batıdaki ismi: Alfraganus, Ay’daki “Alfraganus” kraterinin ismi O’na ithafen verilmiştir)

Yazmış olduğu “Astronominin Elementleri” (Kitâb fi’l-ḥarekâti’s-semâviyye ve cevâmiʿu ʿilmi’n-nücûm mealen; göksel hareket ve ayrıntılı yıldız bilimi kitabı) 12. yüzyılda Latince’ye çevrildi ve *Regiomontanus’dan önce Avrupa astronomisi üzerinde büyük etkisi oldu. Batlamyus’un teorisini ve devinim değerini kabul etti ama aslında bu yalnızca yıldızları değil ayrıca gezegenleri de etkiliyordu. Dünyanın çapını **6,500 mil olarak belirledi ve azami uzaklıkları ve gezegenlerin çaplarını keşfetti.

Fergani’nin faaliyetleri mühendisliğe doğru genişledi. İbn Tağriberdi’ye göre, Fustat’daki (Eski Kahire) Büyük Nilometre’nin inşaatını yönetti. İnşaatın yapımı, inşaat emrini veren Calip el-Mütevekkil ’in öldüğü yıl olan 861’de tamamlandı. Ama İbn Ebi Usaybia tarafından aşağıda anlatılan hikâyeden de anlaşıldığı üzere, mühendislik Fergani’nin asıl uzmanlık alanı değildi.

Mütevekkil Musa İbn Şakir’in iki oğlu Muhammed ve Ahmed’i, El-Caferi adı verilen bir kanalın açımını yönetmek için görevlendirdi. Onlar da böylece bile bile daha iyi bir mühendis olan mesleki kıskançlıktan uzak Sind İbn Ali’yi görmezden gelip Fergani’yi göreve getirerek, onun Bağdat’a, Mütevekkil ‘in Samarra’daki sarayından uzağa gönderilmesine sebep oldular. Kanal yeni şehrin içinden geçecek, Tigris’te Samarra’ya yakın, adını Mütevekkil’den alan El-Caferiyya’da inşa edilecekti. Fergani kanalın başını geri kalanından daha derin yaparak bir kazı hatası yaptı, bu sebeple Tigris yüksekte olmadığı zaman yeterli su kanal uzunluğu boyunca akmıyordu. Bu haber Calib’i sinirlendirdi ve iki kardeş şiddetli cezalardan Sind ibn Ali’nin, kendi refahını ve muhtemelen hayatını riske atmak pahasına, içten bir gönüllülükle Fergani’nin hesaplamalarının doğruluğuna kefil olması sayesinde kurtuldular. Ancak, müneccimler tarafından yapılan doğru tahmin üzere, hata açıkça ortaya çıkmadan biraz evvel Mütevekkil öldürüldü. Bir inşaatı asla başarıyla tamamlayamayan Fergani’nin hatası için yapılan açıklama onun tecrübeli bir mühendisten ziyade bir teorisyen olmasıydı.

987’de yazılan İbn Nedim’in Fihristinde Fergani’nin iki çalışmasına ithafta bulunulur: (1) “Bölümler Kitabı, ***Almagest ’in bir özeti.” (Kitabe’l Fusûl, El-İhtiyar) ve (2)“Güneş Saatlerinin İnşası Kitabı” (Kitab-ı ‘Amel el-Rukamet) Cevami, ya da bizim de dediğimiz gibi ‘Elementler’ Fergani’nin en bilindik ve tesirli çalışmasıdır. Abd el-Aziz el-Gabisi (ö. 967) onun üzerine İstanbul elyazmalarında, Ayasofya 4832, syf. 97-114, muhafaza edilen bir tefsir yazdı. 12. yüzyılda bunu iki Latince çeviri izledi. Jacob Anatoli’nin yaptığı İbranice çeviri, 1590’da tezahür eden üçüncü Latince tercümesi bir temel olarak işlev görmesine karşılık Jacob Golius yeni bir Latince metni Arapça orijinaliyle birlikte 1669’da yayınladı. Elementler ’in Ortaçağ Avrupası’ndaki etkisine Avrupa kütüphanelerindeki sayısız Latince elyazmasının varlığı açıkça kanıt gösterilebilir.

Orta Çağ yazarları tarafından yapılan çok atıf var ve şüphe yok ki Batlamyus astronomisi bilgisinin yayılmasında, en azından Sacrobosco Küresi tarafından bu rol devralınana kadar, oldukça büyük bir rolü var. Ama o zaman bile Fergani’nin ‘Elementler’ ‘i kullanılmaya devam edildi ve Sacrobosco’nun Küre’si açıkça ona borçludur. Dante’nin ****‘Vita nouva’ ve ‘Convivio’ da sergilediği astronomik bilgi ‘Elementler’ den (Gherard’ın çevirisinde) alınmıştır.

çeviri kaynak: Biography – Muslim Scholars and Scientists (ed. W. Hazmy C.H., Zainurashid Z., Hussaini R.) s. 39-41

Ç.N:

*Regiomontanus: Johannes Müller von Königsberg, Alman Rönesans’ının bilindik bir matematikçi, astrolog ve astronomudur.

**6.500 mil = 10.460,736 kilometredir.

***Almagest: Batlamyus’un Astronomi ve Matematik üzerine Yunanca yazdığı bir eser.

****Vita nouva: Yeni Yaşam

EL FERGANİ KİMDİR?

Yazı dolaşımı

“EL FERGANİ KİMDİR?” için 1.371 yorum

  2. Thanks for any other informative web site. Where else may I get that type
    of info written in such a perfect means? I have a challenge that I am simply
    now working on, and I have been on the glance out for such information.

    Here is my homepage :: Xe88apk

    Cevapla

  4. Whats up this is kinda of off topic but I was wanting to know if blogs use WYSIWYG editors
    or if you have to manually code with HTML.
    I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding knowledge so I wanted to get guidance from
    someone with experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated!

    Cevapla

  5. Thanks a bunch for sharing this with all folks you actually recognize what
    you’re talking about! Bookmarked. Please also consult with my website =).
    We can have a link alternate contract among us

    Cevapla

  6. Excellent blog here! Also your site loads up very fast!
    What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host?
    I wish my website loaded up as quickly as yours lol

    Cevapla

  7. What you published made a bunch of sense. But, what about this?
    suppose you added a little content? I mean, I don’t want to tell you how
    to run your blog, however suppose you added something that makes people want more?
    I mean EL FERGANİ KİMDİR? | islamicrophone is a
    little plain. You ought to peek at Yahoo’s home page and see how they create post headlines to get viewers to click.
    You might try adding a video or a picture or two
    to get people interested about everything’ve
    got to say. In my opinion, it would bring your blog a little livelier.

    My web site – wm casino test id free (https://mega888sg.com/)

    Cevapla

  10. Thanks for your personal marvelous posting! I seriously enjoyed reading
    it, you will be a great author. I will make certain to bookmark your blog and will come
    back down the road. I want to encourage that you continue
    your great job, have a nice morning!

    Cevapla

  13. I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good.

    I don’t know who you are but definitely you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already 😉 Cheers!

    Cevapla

  15. What’s up friends, how is everything, and what you would
    like to say concerning this article, in my view its truly remarkable in support of me.

    Cevapla

  17. Howdy! This is kind of off topic but I need some help from an established blog.
    Is it very difficult to set up your own blog? I’m not very techincal
    but I can figure things out pretty fast. I’m thinking about creating my own but I’m not sure where to begin. Do
    you have any ideas or suggestions? Thank you

    Cevapla

  19. I am not sure where you are getting your information, but good topic.
    I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more.
    Thanks for excellent info I was looking for this info for my
    mission.

    Cevapla

  20. Good day! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a team of volunteers and starting a new project
    in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided
    us beneficial information to work on. You have done a marvellous job!

    Cevapla

  25. Hiya, I’m really glad I have found this information. Nowadays bloggers
    publish just about gossips and internet and this is really irritating.
    A good blog with interesting content, this is what I need.
    Thanks for keeping this web site, I will be visiting it.
    Do you do newsletters? Can not find it.

    my web page :: red ribbon week program

    Cevapla

  38. I wanted to follow up and let you know how really
    I liked discovering this blog today. I’d personally consider it the honor to work at
    my company and be able to use the tips shared on your blog and also be
    involved in visitors’ feedback like this. Should a position associated with guest article author become on offer at your end, please
    let me know.

    My web site: drug abuse situation

    Cevapla

  51. Hiya, I am really glad I have found this information. Today bloggers publish just about gossips
    and web and this is really annoying. A good site with exciting content, this is what I need.

    Thank you for keeping this website, I will be visiting it.
    Do you do newsletters? Cant find it.

    Feel free to visit my blog post abusing drugs

    Cevapla

  52. Hiya, I’m really glad I’ve found this info.
    Today bloggers publish only about gossips and net and this is actually irritating.
    A good web site with exciting content, that is what I need.
    Thanks for keeping this website, I will be visiting it.
    Do you do newsletters? Can’t find it.

    Also visit my website – alchohol treatment

    Cevapla

  54. Hi! I could have sworn I’ve been to this site before but after going through many of the posts I realized it’s new to me.
    Nonetheless, I’m certainly delighted I stumbled upon it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back frequently!

    Take a look at my webpage – drug addicted person

    Cevapla

  62. Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve been to your blog before but after looking at some of the articles I realized it’s new to me.
    Regardless, I’m definitely happy I discovered it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back often!

    My web site: thc drug test

    Cevapla

  71. We absolutely love your blog and find nearly all of your post’s
    to be exactly I’m looking for. can you offer guest writers to write content in your case?
    I wouldn’t mind writing a post or elaborating on many of the subjects you write concerning here.
    Again, awesome site!

    Review my web page; spousal abuse

    Cevapla

  83. We absolutely love your blog and find the majority of your post’s to be what precisely I’m looking for.
    Does one offer guest writers to write content available for
    you? I wouldn’t mind producing a post or elaborating on a lot of the subjects you
    write concerning here. Again, awesome site!

    Also visit my blog … drug rehab in nj

    Cevapla

  88. Hiya, I am really glad I’ve found this info. Nowadays bloggers publish just
    about gossips and internet and this is actually annoying.
    A good site with interesting content, that’s what I need.
    Thanks for keeping this site, I’ll be visiting it.

    Do you do newsletters? Can not find it.

    Here is my website – sexual abuse awareness

    Cevapla

  92. My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find most of your post’s to be what precisely I’m
    looking for. Do you offer guest writers to write content
    for you? I wouldn’t mind publishing a post or elaborating on a lot of the subjects you write regarding here.
    Again, awesome weblog!

    Also visit my site … stop smoking

    Cevapla

  96. Hiya, I’m really glad I have found this info. Today bloggers publish just about gossips and
    web and this is really irritating. A good blog with interesting content, that is what I
    need. Thank you for keeping this site, I will be visiting it.
    Do you do newsletters? Can’t find it.

    my web page – drug rehab treatment

    Cevapla

  107. Hiya, I am really glad I have found this information. Today bloggers publish only about gossips and web and this is really frustrating.
    A good site with interesting content, this is what I need.
    Thank you for keeping this web site, I will be visiting it.
    Do you do newsletters? Can’t find it.

    Here is my blog post … red ribbon week program

    Cevapla

  124. My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find nearly all of your post’s to be exactly I’m looking for.
    can you offer guest writers to write content for you personally?

    I wouldn’t mind creating a post or elaborating on most of the subjects you write about
    here. Again, awesome website!

    Here is my blog post :: drug addiction slipping

    Cevapla

  127. Hi there! I could have sworn I’ve been to your blog before but after looking at some of the posts I
    realized it’s new to me. Regardless, I’m certainly delighted I discovered it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back regularly!

    Here is my web site: rehab centers

    Cevapla

  254. Aw, this was an incredibly good post. Spending some time and actual effort
    to generate a superb article… but what can I say…
    I procrastinate a whole lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.

    my site – teen alcohol

    Cevapla

  263. Thanks for ones marvelous posting! I seriously enjoyed reading it, you could
    be a great author.I will make sure to bookmark your blog and
    will eventually come back later on. I want to encourage yourself to continue your great job, have a nice evening!

    Feel free to visit my site :: alcohol abuse

    Cevapla

  270. I’m curious to find out what blog platform
    you are utilizing? I’m having some small security issues with
    my latest website and I would like to find something more secure.
    Do you have any solutions?

    Also visit my site; teen alcohol

    Cevapla

  291. An intriguing discussion is worth comment. I do think
    that you ought to write more about this topic, it may not be a taboo subject but usually people do not talk about such issues.
    To the next! Best wishes!!

    My website; brain and wine

    Cevapla

  292. I do not know if it’s just me or if perhaps everyone else experiencing issues with your website.
    It looks like some of the text in your content are running off the screen. Can someone else please provide feedback and let me know if this is happening to them too?
    This might be a issue with my web browser because I’ve had this happen before.
    Thanks

    Also visit my web-site … item378393593

    Cevapla

  300. I am curious to find out what blog system you happen to be using?
    I’m experiencing some minor security issues with my latest
    site and I’d like to find something more safeguarded. Do you have any suggestions?

    Feel free to visit my web blog :: Bookmarks

    Cevapla

  303. Aw, this was an incredibly good post. Spending some time and actual
    effort to generate a very good article… but what
    can I say… I hesitate a whole lot and don’t seem to get nearly anything done.

    Also visit my webpage … elder abuse

    Cevapla

  304. I believe this is one of the such a lot important info for
    me. And i am glad studying your article.
    However want to statement on some basic things, The site taste is ideal, the articles is in point of fact excellent :D.
    Good activity, cheers.

    Stop by my web site: item378393215

    Cevapla

  308. An interesting discussion is definitely worth comment.
    I do think that you need to write more on this subject
    matter, it might not be a taboo matter but usually folks don’t talk about such subjects.

    To the next! Best wishes!!

    Here is my site – item378393328

    Cevapla

  422. Gгeetings Ӏ am so excited I found үour blog pagе, І rеally foᥙnd yoս ƅy accident, while I ᴡaѕ browsing on Bing for ѕomething еlse, Αnyhow Ι am һere noԝ
    andd wⲟuld just like tto saу thɑnks for a fantastic post and a ɑll round intｅresting blog
    (I alѕⲟ lovee the theme/design), Ι don’t hаｖe timе to read it aⅼl at the momеnt but I have saved IT infrastructure provider Oxfordshire and
    aⅼso included yoսr RSS feeds, ѕo when I have time Ӏ wіll
    be back to rｅad а greаt desl more, Plese do keep up the fantastic work.

    Cevapla

  585. What’s սp, alⅼ is gⲟing nicely here and ofcourse еverу one iis sharing
    data, that’s in fаct fіne, keep up writing.

    Feel free tօ surf to my blog – IT infrastructure provier Abingdon, nutiny.com,

    Cevapla

  587. Ԝе ѡish to thnk you аgain for the stunhning ideas ｙou
    gave Jesse wһеn preparing her post-graduate гesearch
    plus, most importantly, ｒegarding providing tһе many ideas in a blog
    post. Provoded tһat we haԁ known of your site a yeaｒ ago,
    ѡe mɑy have been rescued fгom the pointless
    measures ѡｅ werе participating in. Tanks to you.

    Feel free tο surf to my hοmepage; cloud IT Support Abingdon

    Cevapla

  599. Hi, Neat post. There is an issue together with your web site in web explorer, may test this?

    IE still is the market chief and a huge component
    of other people will pass over your fantastic writing due to this problem.

    Cevapla