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BİLİM VE KURAN %100 UYUMLU MU? – DANİEL HAQİQATJOU

Bir Yanılgı: “Bilim ve Kuran asla çelişmez.”

Bazı Müslümanlar Kuran’ın “bilimsel olarak %100 doğru” olduğunu iddia ediyor. Müslümanların bunu neden söylediğini anlamak kolay. Bilim, gerçekliğin mükemmel bir temsili olarak görülür ve Kuran, bu gerçeği yaratanın sözleridir. Bu nedenle mantıksal olarak ikisi arasında mükemmel bir uyum olmalıdır.

Bununla birlikte, bununla ilgili sorun, bilimin gerçekliğin mükemmel bir temsili olmamasıdır. Bunu kabul etmek için Kuhncu bir postmodernist olmanıza gerek yok. Bilim topluluğu bile, bilimin çoğunun doğası gereği geçici olduğunu kabul eder, bu da bilimin her zaman yeni gerçekler keşfedildikçe güncellenip geliştiği anlamına gelir.

Örneğin, bugün sahip olduğumuz bilimsel olarak en sağlam teori Kuantum Alan Teorisidir (QFT). Yine de fizikçiler, QFT’nin ya tamamen yanlış olduğuna ya da en iyi ihtimalle daha eksiksiz (yerçekimi kuvvetini hesaba katabilen), daha doğru bir teorinin kusurlu bir yaklaştırması olduğuna inanıyorlar.

Bugün bilim insanlarının -varsa bile- çok azı, kendi araştırma alanlarındaki mutlak gerçeği bildiklerini iddia edebilirler. Hatta Popperci eğilimi olan bilim insanları, bilimin gerçeği asla %100 bilemeyeceğini, yalnızca rakip hipotezleri onaylayamayacağını söyleyebilirler. Kısacası bilim eksiktir ve çoğu zaman yanlıştır. Bilim insanlarının bir gün gerçek olarak savundukları şey genellikle ertesi gün altüst olur.

Somut bir örnek vermek gerekirse, yirminci yüzyılın başlarındaki fizikçiler evrenin sonsuz büyüklükte ve yaşta sabit bir durumda olduğuna inanıyorlardı. Bilim insanları yalnızca 1930’larda kozmosun gelişimiyle ilgili bir Büyük Patlama teorisini ciddi bir şekilde düşünmeye başladılar. Elbette sonsuz evren fikri, fani bir yaratılış noktasını tanımlayan Kuran ile çelişmektedir. Örneğin 1900’lerin başında Müslümanlar, o zamanlar moda olan ebedi sabit durum (durağan hal) modeline uyum sağlamak için Kuran’ın ilgili ayetlerini yeniden yorumlamaya karar vermiş olsalardı otuz veya kırk yıl sonra Büyük Patlama teorisi popüler hale geldiğinde geri adım atmak zorunda kalacaklardı. Bu açıdan bakacak olursak bazılarının bugün Kuran’ı ve İslami teolojiyi yeniden yorumlamak için kullandığı çağdaş bilimin, otuz ya da kırk yıl içinde benzer şekilde tersine dönmeyeceğinden nasıl emin olabiliriz? Çalkantılı bilim tarihi göz önüne alındığında bu çok daha muhtemeldir.

Sonuçta bazılarının yanlışlıkla inandıklarının aksine bilim gerçekliğin mükemmel bir temsili değildir. En azından bugün değildir ve belki de asla olmayacaktır. Allah kelamının mükemmelliği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Kuran’ın; bilim gibi doğası gereği kusurlu, zayıf ve sürekli değişim halinde olan, insan yapımı bir şeyle uyumluluğuna dair geniş açıklamalar yapmak uygunsuz olacaktır.

Bu, Kuran üzerine düşünmememiz ve bilimde bulunan farklı fikirlerin ışığında ayetleri düşünmememiz gerektiği anlamına mı geliyor? Elbette hayır. Bazı Müslümanlar bunu yaparak kesinlikle imanlarında bir artış yaşarlar ve bu durum zarar görmemelidir. Ancak nihayetinde endişe ettiğimiz şey, bu kişisel düşüncenin başkalarıyla paylaşıldığı bir tefsire dönüşmesi veya daha kötüsü, “Kuran ve bilim” hakkında daha geniş bir felsefe haline gelmesidir. Bu sorunludur çünkü Kuran üzerine yapılan her tefekkür ve yorum gibi alenen yapılan Kuran yorumları yerleşik tefsir normlarına yani tefsir ve İlahi kelam adabına uymalıdır.

Allah Resulü’nün derin sözlerine kulak vermeliyiz. Cündeb’den(ra) rivayetle: “Resûlullah(sav) buyurdular ki: “Kim Kitabullah hakkında şahsi reyi ile söz ederse, isabet bile etse hatadadır.’’ [Ebu Davud, Tirmizi] [‘’Kuran’daki Bilimsel Mucizeler Hakkındaki 3 Yaygın Yanılgı’’ adlı makalemden]

Daniel Haqiqatjou

Orjinal metin: https://muslimskeptic.com/2016/07/24/do-science-and-the-quran-ever-conflict/

Sitenin notu;

Daniel aslında güzel bir noktaya değiniyor; bir müslüman için “Kur’an bilimsel hatalarla dolu” cümlesi yanlış olduğu gibi “Kur’an bilim ile yüzde yüz uyuşuyor” cümlesi de kısmen hatalıdır. Peki Daniel bunu bilimden anlamayan yobaz biri olarak mı söylüyor? Hayır, tam tersine Harvard’da fizik okumuş biri olarak söylüyor.

Bilimde “Evrende kütle çekim yasası var” veya “Evren genişliyor” gibi değişmesi pek mümkün olmayan kesin doğrular olduğu gibi her an değişmeye, çürütülmeye hazır doğrular da var, nitekim bilim tarih boyunca kendini yanlışlayarak gelişmiştir. Yarın ne diyeceği belli olmayan bilimin Kur’an ile yüzde yüz uyuştuğunu söylemek bu yüzden çok da makul bir yaklaşım değil.

Örneğin bir zamanlar bilim güneşin sabit olduğunu söylerken Kur’an’ın Yasin 38 ayetinde “Güneş de kendi yörüngesinde akıp gitmektedir” denilerek güneşin de hareket ettiği geçiyordu. Peki o dönemde yaşayan biri olsaydınız “Kur’an bilimle çelişiyor” diyerek İslam’ı terk edecek miydiniz? Eğer bilimi “mutlak tek gerçek bilgi” kabul ediyorsanız bunu yapmanız lazımdı. Oysa bugün bilimin Kur’an ile aynı söze ulaştığına şahit oluyoruz. Peki o dönemde bunu öne sürüp İslam’ı terk etseydiniz ahirette “dönemin yanlış kabulleri için ahiretinizi yakmış” olmayacak mıydınız?

Ülkemizde de maalesef “bilimin mutlak tek gerçek” olduğuna dair bir yanılgı var. Oysa meselenin felsefe kısmına az biraz meraklı bilim insanları bile böyle bir iddiada bulunmaz. Zira doğrular değişirken gerçekler değişmez, bilim değişken bir şey iken bilime “mutlak gerçek” demek mantıksal olarak hatalı bir cümledir.

Aslında buradaki asıl sorun; bazı müslümanların bu tür konularda ayetleri dönemin bilimine uyacak şekilde tevil etmesidir. Evet bazı ayetler yoruma açıktır, farklı şekillerde de anlaşılabilir ama her ayet değil. Bazı ayetler metnin dil özellikleri veya peygamberin sünneti göz önüne alındığında farklı yorumlara açık değildir. Bu tür ayetleri ısrarla başka anlamlara çekmek ne kadar doğru?

BİLİM VE KURAN %100 UYUMLU MU? – DANİEL HAQİQATJOU

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“BİLİM VE KURAN %100 UYUMLU MU? – DANİEL HAQİQATJOU” için 161 yorum

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